Head Injury Criterion (HIC)

Overview

An industry standard, the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is a measure of the maximum weighted integral of resultant translational acceleration over any 15 ms or 36 ms duration of an impact event [1]. It is based on the integral of head acceleration measured at the Head CG. Historically, HIC is based on the Wayne State Tolerance Curve (WSTC) and is calculated according to Equation 1.

The Skull Fracture Correlate (SFC) was based on Post Mortem Human Subject Tests (PMHS) performed in Vorst et al. (2003). SFC is calculated by averaging the acceleration over the HIC time interval [2]. Both HIC and SFC are noted to have limitations due to only using linear acceleration and not taking into account a rotational component.

Required Signals

• Head Linear Acceleration at Head CG ($a_{x}$, $a_{y}$ and $a_{z}$)

Calculation

1. Each head acceleration is filtered at CFC = 1000.
2. Calculate the resultant head acceleration
3. Convert the acceleration to G's ($1\:G = 9.81\:m/s^2$)
4. HIC, SFC and SFC Probability are calculated using Equation 1, 2, and 3, respectively

$$HIC = \tag{Equation 1}max[\frac{1}{(t_2-t_1)}\int_{t1}^{t2}a(t)dt]^{2.5}(t_2-t_1)$$

where t1 and t2 are any two arbitrary times during the head CG resultant acceleration pulse a(t)

$$SFC = \tag{Equation 2} A_{HIC} = \triangle V_{HIC} / \triangle T_{HIC}$$ $$SFC\:Probability \tag{Equation 3} = e ^{5.293 * ln(SFC) - 27.021}/ (1+ e ^{5.293 * ln(SFC)})$$

Examples

HIC Example

Skull Fracture Correlate Example

NCAP Combined Injury Rating

$$P_{head} (3+) \tag{Equation 4} = \Phi (\frac{ln(HIC)-7.45231}{0.73998})$$

Where $\Phi$ represents the cumulative normal distribution

HIC Injury Risk Curve

HIC IARV Table [3] [4] [5]

ATD	Peak HIC 15	Peak HIC 36
Q3s	570	N/A
CRABI – 6mo	377	N/A
CRABI – 12mo	390	1000
CRABI – 18mo	440	N/A
HIII – 3yo	570	1000
HIII – 6yo	700	1000
HIII – 10yo	741	N/A
HIII – F05	700	N/A
HIII – M50	700	1000
HIII – M95	670	N/A
SID-IIs	779	1000
BioSID	700	N/A
EuroSID (ES-2re)	N/A	1000

References

[1] Hertz (1993) A Note on the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) as a Predictor of the Risk of Skull Fracture. 37th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.

[2] Vander Vorst, Michael et al. “Statistically and biomechanically based criterion for impact-induced skull fracture.” Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine vol. 47 (2003): 363-81.

[3] Mertz, Harold J. "Anthropomorphic test devices." Accidental injury: Biomechanics and prevention. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. 66-84.

[4] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2000). Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection; Final Rule. Federal Register, 65(208), 67691–67703.

[5] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “49 CFR §571.213b: Child Restraint Systems,” Electronic Code of Federal Regulations.